JavaScript in 30 words
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JavaScript Nested Functions Explained Simply

A function within another function. A nested function can 'inherit' the arguments and variables of its containing function. Put simply; the inner function contains the scope of the outer function.

function orderTotal(price, quantity) {
  function subtotal() {
    return price * quantity;
  }
  return subtotal() + 5;
}
console.log(orderTotal(12, 3));

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